CSbteJ\w þ

HIvtSm_Àamkhpw P]amehW¡hpw

ssZh]cn]me\bn ]mem cq]XbpsS sa{Xm\mb

amÀ tPmk^v IÃd§m«v

cq]Xbnse sshZnIÀ¡pw k\ymkn\o k\ymknIÄ¡pw hnizmknIÄ GhÀ¡pw FgpXp¶Xv.

\ap¡v Gähpw ]cnNbapÅ efnXhpw AtXkabw AKm[hpamb {]mÀ°\bmWv P]ame Asæn sIm´\akvImcw. kmÀÆ{XnIk` sIm´\akvImc¯n\pw acnb`àn¡pambn {]tXyIambn \nÝbn¨ncn¡p¶ kabamWtÃm HIvtSm_Àamkw. ss{IkvXhcpsS CSbnse BZys¯ `ànIfn H¶mWv acnb`àn. CXnsâ ]Ým¯e¯nemWv sIm´\akvImcw cq]wsIm­Xv. hnip²nbntebv¡pÅ hfÀ¨bv¡v Cu {]mÀ°\ Gsd klmbn¡pw. ImcWw CutimbpambpÅ kPoh k¼À¡¯ntebv¡v CXv \s½ £Wn¡p¶p. km[mcW Ahkc§fn kÔymthfbn ho«n Hcpan¨pIqSn sIm´\akvImcw sNmÃpt¼mÄ, HIvtSm_Àamk¯n CXn\p ]pdta, ssZhmeb§fnepw, It¸fIfnepw, k\ymk`h\§fnepw hnZym`ymkØm]\§fnepw hnizmknIÄ Hcpan¨pIqSn P]ame sNmÃp¶ ]Xnhn\v \qäm­pIÄ ]g¡ap­v. sIm´\akvImc¯nsâ k`mßIam\w FSp¯pImWn¡p¶ H¶mWnXv. P]amebm apJcnXambncn¡p¶ Krlm´co£w \½psS X\nabpsS `mKamWv. \½psS IpSpw_mwK§sfX½n AI¨bpw CSÀ¨bpw CÃmsX Iq«mbvabn \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn P]ame henb ]¦v hln¡p¶p­v. Hcp km[mcW hnizmknsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw aninlmbpsS PohnX¯nsâbpw kphntij¯nsâbpw kmckw{Klw Cu {]mÀ°\bnep­v. ""F\n¡v Gähpw {]nbs¸« {]mÀ°\ P]amebmWv'' F¶v tPm¬ t]mÄ IIþma³ ]m¸mbpsS hm¡pIfpw, ""FÃm Znhkhpw {]`mX¯n Rm³ P]ame sNmÃp¶p'' F¶ _\UnIvSv XVIþmw ]m¸mbpsS hm¡pIfpw \ap¡v t{]cIiànbmtI­XmWv. \½psS IpSpw_ B[ymßnIXsb XgpInhfÀ¯p¶ P]amesb¡pdn¨v Aev]t\cw [ym\n¡mw.

aebmf`mjbnse sIm´ F¶ ]Zw t]mÀ¨pKoknse tImt´m F¶ hm¡nÂ\n¶p hcp¶p. F®pI F¶À°w. e¯o³`mjbn sdmkmcnbpw þ tdmk¸q¡fpsS ame, tdmk¸q¡fpsS ]qt´m«w þ F¶À°w. kpdnbm\nbpw aebmfhpw Iq«n¡eÀ¯n "Znhyclkyw \ndª hdpZ]pjv]ta' F¶p \½Ä ep¯n\nbmbn {]mÀ°n¡p¶p­tÃm. c­mw\qäm­papX ss{IkvXhÀ IoÀ¯\{]mÀ°\IÄ, \maP]§Ä XpS§nbh sNmÃpt¼mÄ F®m³ sNdnb aWnIÄ, IÃpIÄ XpS§nbh D]tbmKn¨ncp¶p. P]§Ä F®p¶Xn\pÅ aWnIfpsS amebmWv P]ame.

k`m]nXm¡·mcmb amÀ At{]w, Awt{_mkv, BKkvXnt\mkv XpS§nbhÀ henb acnb`àcmbncp¶p. ]n¶oSv ss{IkvXh ssZhimkv{XÚ·mcmb hn. BÀ_À«v, B³kew, _À®mÀZv, tXmakv AIzn\mkv, ]oäÀ I\ojy³, temd³kv {_n³Unkn, AÂt^m³kv entKmdn, eqbnkv tam­vt^mÀ«v XpS§nbhÀ {]ikvXcmb acnb³thZ]mcwKXÀ Xs¶. k`bnep­mbncp¶ Bgamb acnb`ànbn \n¶p kzm`mhnIambn Dcp¯ncnªXmWv P]ame. 13þmw \qäm­n sUman\n¡³ k\ymknamcmWv P]ameclky§Ä¡v \nPXcq]w \evInbXv. 700þe[nIw hÀj§fmbn«v kmÀÆ{XnI k`bn Cu `àn {]Npc{]Nmc¯nencn¡p¶p.

1858þ eqÀ±n aninlmbpsS A½ Xsâ kPoh km¶n²yw A\p`hs¸Sp¯n _ÀWÀZ¯nt\mSv ]dªp: ""]m]nIfpsS am\km´c¯n\mbn sIm´ sNmÃphn³'' F¶v. 1917, tabv 13þ\v ^m¯nambn ""Rm³ P]ame cmÚnbmWv. `àn]qÀÆw sIm´ sNmÃphn³'' F¶pw amXmhv shfns¸Sp¯n.

P]ameclky§tfmSv ep¯n\nb ]n¶oSv Iq«nt¨À¯p. ep¯n\nbm F¶ e¯o³]Z¯n\v IoÀ¯\wt]mepÅ {]mÀ°\ F¶mWÀ°w. {Ko¡p`mjbn en¯mt\bv³ F¶p ]dªm IoÀ¯n¡pI, {]mÀ°n¡pI F¶À°w. 16þmw \qäm­n temd³kv {_n³Unkn F¶ B[ymßnI]WvUnX\mWv Cu ep¯n\nb FgpXn X¿mdm¡nbXv.

9þmw ]obqkv ]m¸ Hcn¡Â {]kwKn¨p: ""h¯n¡m³ sIm«mc¯nse Gähpw hne]nSn¨ hkvXp sIm´bmWv'' F¶v. \½psS BßobPohnX¯ntebv¡v Gsd shfn¨whoip¶ Hcp Nn´bmWXv. hmkvXh¯n sIm´sNmÃpt¼mÄ CutimbpsSbpw adnb¯nsâbpw PohnXw \½psS lrZb¯neqsSbpw, A[c§fneqsSbpw, ssIhncepIfneqsSbpw IS¶pt]mhpIbmWv. P]ame ssZhhpambn \s½ Iq«ns¡«p¶ Hcp Znhyamb N§ebmWv. Xn·tbmSp t]mcmSm\pÅ B[ymßnI Bbp[amWv. kt´mj¯nepw k´m]¯nepw P]ame \t½msSm¸w D­mbncn¡Ww. \½psS D¡WvTIsfÃmw AXn Cd¡nhbv¡mw. Hcp I¿n A\mY¡pªpw adpI¿n sIm´bpambn \nev¡p¶ aZÀsXtck kmaqlycwK¯pw BßobcwK¯pw \ap¡p­mbncnt¡­ IcpXepIsf¡pdn¨mWv ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv.

P]ameclky§fpsS {]tXyIX AXp ]qÀ®ambpw hn. {KÙ¯n A[njvTnXamWv F¶Xt{X. kphntij¯nsâ kw£n]vXcq]amWv Xmsg¸dbp¶ clky§fn [ym\n¡p¶Xv. kt´mj¯nsâ clky¯n þ awKfhmÀ¯, Geoizmsb kµÀin¡p¶Xv, ]p¡q«nse ]ndhn, ssZhmeb¯n kaÀ¸n¡p¶Xv, Cutimsb ssZhmeb¯nÂh¨p Is­¯p¶Xv; {]Imi¯nsâ clky¯n þ CutimbpsS amt½mZok, Im\mbnse hnhmlhncp¶v, ssZhcmPy{]tLmjWw, cq]m´coIcWw, ]cn. IpÀ_m\bpsS Øm]\w; ZpxJclky¯n þ KZvkta\nse {]mÀ°\, N½«nbSntbev¡p¶Xv, apÄapSn[mcWw, `mctadnb IpcnipwNpa¶v KmKp¯mbntebv¡v t]mIp¶Xv, Éohmbn Xq§nacn¡p¶Xv; alnabpsS clky¯n þ CutimbpsS DbnÀ¸v, kzÀ¤mtcmlWw, ]cnip² dqlmbpsS BKa\w, amXmhnsâ kzÀ¤mtcm]Ww, IncoS[mcWw. HcmgvNsIm­v aninlmclky¯neqsS k` \s½ \S¯pIbmWv. Npcp¡n¸dªm kphntijwXs¶ \½Ä asämcp coXnbn hmbn¡p¶XmWv P]ame \akvImcw. C{Xbpw XncphN\m[njvTnXamb asämcp {]mÀ°\bpw ImWnÃ. Bdmw ]utemkv amÀ¸m¸m ]dbp¶p: sIm´\akvImc¯nse Gähpw khntijamb {]mÀ°\ "\·\ndª adnbta' F¶XmWv. Ah BhÀ¯n¡s¸Sp¶Xn\m ep¯n\nbmbpsSbpw IoÀ¯\§fpsSbpw kz`mhwXs¶bmWv AXn\pw. Cu {]mÀ°\bpw ]qÀ®ambpw XncphN\§fmWv. XncphN\§ÄsIm­v Xp¶nt¨À¯ tae¦n F¶p ]cn. ]nXm¡·mÀ Cu {]mÀ°\sb hntijn¸n¡p¶p. \½Ä adnbs¯ A`nhmZ\w sN¿pt¼mÄ \·\ndª A½ \s½bpw A`nhmZ\w sN¿p¶p. Geoizmbpw AhfpsS DZcØiniphpw ]cnip²mßmhn\m \ndªXpt]mse \mapw ssZhmcq]nbm \ndbm³ Cu {]mÀ°\ \s½ klmbn¡pw. "kzÀ¤Ø\mb R§fpsS ]nXmth......' F¶ {]mÀ°\bpw aninlm t\cn«p ]Tn¸n¨Xpw kphntij§fpsS hninjvSamb k¯bpamWv. C{]Imcw A\izcamb XncphN\§fpsS irwJ`qanbmWv P]ame. kphntijw ]cnNbs¸Sphm\pÅ Gähpw \à amÀ¤hpw CXt{X.

sIm´\akvImcw tIhew Nne t^mÀapemIfpsS bm{´nIamb DcphnSeÃ. sIm´ sNmÃpt¼mÄ adnb¯nsâ I®pIfneqsS þ k`bpsS I®pIfneqsS \mapw Cutimsb t\m¡pIbmWv, c£mIckw`hw A\pkvacn¡pIbmWv. aninlm tI{µnXamb [ym\hpw {]mÀ°\bpamWv P]ame. CXv [ym\mßI {]mÀ°\bmWv. [ym\anÃm¯ P]ame BßmhnÃm¯ icocwt]msebmWv. lrZbhpw a\Êpw A[chpw hncepIfpw H¯pt]mIp¶ [ym\w. P]ame [ym\mßI{]mÀ°\bmWv F¶p ]dbpt¼mÄ tIhew Hcp `àm`ymkw F¶Xnt\¡mÄ DbÀ¶ \nehmc¯nepÅ H¶mbn k` AXns\ ImWpIbmWv. XncphN\s¯¡pdn¨pÅ [ym\¯nÂ\n¶v thÀ]ncn¡m³ ]äm¯hn[w aninlmtI{µnXhpw [ym\mßIhpamb {]mÀ°\bmWv P]ame. B {]mÀ°\bneqsS Fs¶ t\m¡p¶ ssZhs¯ Rm³ t\m¡pIbmWv. aninlmbpsS PohnXs¯¡pdn¨pÅ [ym\amWXv. AXnsâ Gähpw \à amXrI aninlmsb lrZb¯n kq£n¨v, kw{Kln¨v [ym\n¨ adnbamWv. X·qew adnbw k`bpsS [ym\mßIamb HmÀ½bmWv. adnbs¯t¸mse aämcpw CutimbpsS apJs¯¸än [ym\n¨n«nÃ. IÀ¯mhnt\mSv Gähpw ASp¯ adnb¯nsâ I®pIfneqsS IÀ¯mhnsâ PohnX¯nse clky§Ä [ym\n¡phm³ P]ame{]mÀ°\ \s½ klmbn¡p¶p. adnbw D®nsb InS¯p¶ sXm«nemWv k`. k` H¶msIbmWv P]amebneqsS D®nsb t\m¡n [ym\n¡p¶Xv. P]amebn aninlmclkyhpw, a\pjy³ F¶ clkyhpw kay¡mbn kt½fn¡p¶p. \½psS A\pZn\PohnX¯nse `mctadnb NpaSpIÄ Cd¡nhbv¡m\pÅ NpaSpXm§nIqSnbmWv ]cn. adnbhpw P]amebpw. A½tb¡mÄ kt´mjt¯msS aämcpw a¡fpsS `mc§Ä hln¡p¶nÃtÃm. A{]Imcw P]amebneqsS Znhyclky§Ä \mw DcphnSpt¼mÄ a\pjyXz¯ntâbpw amXrXz¯ntâbpw Ipeo\X IqSn \mw {Kln¡p¶p.

sIm´\akvImcw {]mÀ°\IfpsSbpw B[ymßnIXbpsSbpw ]mTimebmWv. Cu Ifcnbn \mw Cd§n Ccn¡Ww. ]cn. {XnXzhpw, hn. {KÙhpw, Cutimbpw, ]cn. dqlmbpw, k`bpw, ]cn. A½bpw Cu Ifcnbn h¨mWv \ap¡v ]cnNnXcmIp¶Xv. hnizmk]cnioe\IfcnbmWXv, Znhyclky§fpsS [ym\mßIamb hmb\bmWv P]ame F¶ Ifcnbn \S¡p¶Xv.

P]ame enäÀPn¡p ]IcaÃ, enäÀPnsb Xm§n\nÀ¯p¶ H¶mWv. enäÀPnbpsS apJhpcbpw AXnsâ {]Xn^e\hpamWv. bYmÀ° ssZhmcm[\sb iàam¡m³ D]Imcs¸tS­ H¶mWv P]ame. HutZymKnI {]mÀ°\bpsS XpSÀ¨bmbn«v CXns\ ImWmw. enäÀPn `àn]qÀÆw A\pjvTn¡phm³ t{]cn¸n¡p¶ {][m\ LSIambn«v P]ame \nev¡p¶p. D°nX\mb Cutimbpw AhnSps¯ {]hr¯nIfpamWv ssZhmcm[\bpsS ImXÂ. _\UnIvSv ]nXmhv ]dbp¶p: ""D°nX\mb CutimbpsS Bizkn¸n¡p¶ kt´mj¯nsâ km¶n[yw cpNn¡phm³ P]ame{]mÀ°\ \s½ {]m]vXcm¡p¶p.'' bma{]mÀ°\IfnÂ, {]tXyIn¨v _p[\mgvNIfn amXmhns\¡pdn¨pÅ BßobNn´IÄ Gsdbp­v. ssZhamXmhv hW§s¸Spt¼mÄ ssZh]p{X³ th­hn[¯n Adnbs¸SpIbpw kvt\ln¡s¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶p.

\½psS ssZhmeb§fnepw It¸fIfnepw k\ymk `h\§fnepw HIvtSm_Àamkw XpSÀ¨bmbn 10 Znhk§fn P]amebpw acnbIoÀ¯\§fpw \St¯­XmWv. cq]Xbnse hnhn[ tImtfPpIfnepw kvIqfpIfnepw CXcØm]\§fnepw ]Tn¡p¶ Ip«nIÄ¡pw tlmÌepIfn Xmakn¡p¶hÀ¡pw 10 Znhkt¯bv¡v Hcpan¨v P]ame sNmÃm\pÅ Ahkcw _Ôs¸«hÀ sNbvXpsImSp¡Wsa¶v XmXv]cys¸Sp¶p. hoSpIfn Hcpan¨pÅ sIm´\akvImc¯nÂ\n¶v Bcpw HgnhmIcpXv F¶v HmÀ½n¸n¡s«. P]ame hnkvabIcamb {]mÀ°\bmWv þ emfnXywsIm­pw, Hgp¡psIm­pw XncphN\¯nsâ [mcmfn¯w sIm­pw þ \½psS B[ymßnIPohnX¯nsâ XmfamWv P]ame. P]amebmIp¶ Bßob ]S¨« \ap¡v [cn¡mw. \½psS bm{XmthfIÄ P]ame {]mÀ°\¡pÅ Ahkcam¡mw. At¸mÄ \½psS apJ¯n\p {]`mX¯nsâ Im´n e`n¡pw. ""Fsâ PohnX¯nse FÃm {]XnkÔnL«§fnepw P]ame F\n¡v Icp¯mbncp¶n«p­v'' F¶ tPm¬ t]mÄ c­ma³ ]m¸mbpsS hm¡pIÄ \ap¡v HmÀ½n¡mw. P]ame \½psS hgn¯mcIfn Hcp s\bvhnf¡nsâ {]` sNmcnbs«.

aninlmbn kvt\l]qÀÆw,

amÀ tPmk^v IÃd§m«v

sa{Xmk\aµncw ]mem cq]XbpsS sa{Xm³

]mem, 20þ09þ2007